● Machining: Machining is used to remove any excess material or roughness on the printed part. This process involves forming and finishing the part using a lathe, mill, or other machine tool. ● Polishing: Polishing involves smoothing the surface of the 3D printed metal part. This process can be done by hand or with automated tools such as sandpaper or buffing wheels. ● Heat treatment: heat treatment is an essential step in the post-processing of metal 3D printing. The process involves heating the part to high temperatures and then gradually cooling it to increase its strength, hardness and durability. ● Powder Coating: Powder coating is a post-processing technique used to improve the appearance of metal 3D printed parts. ● Anodizing: Anodizing is the process of providing a protective and decorative layer to metal parts. It involves the use of an electrolytic process to form an oxide layer on the surface of the part.1. Powder bed fusion (PBF): Powder bed fusion is a 3D printing technique that uses a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter layers of metal powder. 2. Directed Energy Deposition (DED): Directed Energy Deposition is a metal printing process that uses a laser or plasma arc to melt metal wire or powder feed stock. 3. Binder Jetting: Binder jetting is a process that uses a binder to bond layers of metal powder to create 3D parts. After printing, the parts are sintered to remove the binder and fuse the metal together. 4. Material extrusion: Material extrusion is a process that uses metal wires or filaments to pass through a heated nozzle and deposit layer by layer to build 3D parts.● Titanium: Titanium has become a popular metal 3D printing material due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. ● Stainless Steel: Stainless steel is a strong and durable metal that is often used for 3D printed parts that require high strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent thermal performance. ● Aluminum: Aluminum is light in weight and has good thermal conductivity, making it a popular choice for components such as heat sinks that require both strength and heat dissipation. ● Cobalt chromium: Cobalt chromium is a bio compatible metal with excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. It is commonly used in the medical field for the manufacture of orthopedic implants. ● Copper: Copper is a highly conductive metal with excellent corrosion resistance and thermal properties.